The Advantages of Synthetic Oils over Mineral oils

Extended oil drain periods
Better wear protection and therefore extended engine life
Most synthetics give better MPG
They flow better when cold and are more thermally stable when hot
Surface-active meaning a thin layer of oil on the surfaces at all times (in ester based oils)


How Synthetic oils Achieve these Benefits

Stable Basestocks
Synthetic oils are designed from pure, uniform synthetic basestocks, they contain no contaminants or
unstable molecules which are prone to thermal and oxidative break down.
Because of their uniform molecular structure, synthetic lubricants operate with less internal and
external friction than petroleum oils which have a non-uniform molecular structure.
The result is better heat control, and less heat means less stress to the lubricant.

Higher Percentage of Basestock
Synthetic oils contain a higher percentage of lubricant basestock than petroleum oils do.
This is because multi-viscosity oils need a great deal of pour point depressant and viscosity improvers
to operate as a multigrade.
The basestocks actually do most of the lubricating. More basestocks mean a longer oil life.

Additives Used Up More Slowly
Petroleum basestocks are much more prone to oxidation than synthetic oils. Oxidation inhibitors are
needed in greater quantities in petroleum oils as they are used up more quickly.
Synthetic oils do oxidize, but at a much slower rate therefore oxidation inhibiting additives are used up
more slowly.
Synthetic oils provide for better ring seal than petroleum oils do. This minimizes blow-by and reduces
contamination by combustion by-products. As a result, corrosion inhibiting additives have less work to
do and will last much longer in a synthetic oil.

Excellent Heat Tolerance
Synthetics are simply more tolerant to extreme heat than petroleum oils are. When heat builds up
within an engine, petroleum oils quickly begin to burn off. They are more volatile. The lighter
molecules within petroleum oils turn to gas and what's left are the large molecules that are harder to
pump.
Synthetics have far more resistance as they are more thermally stable to begin with and can take
higher temperatures for longer periods without losing viscosity.

Heat Reduction
One of the major factors affecting engine life is component wear and/or failure, which is often the
result of high temperature operation. The uniformly smooth molecular structure of synthetic oils gives
them a much lower coefficient friction (they slip more easily over one another causing less friction)
than petroleum oils.
Less friction means less heat and heat is a major contributor to engine component wear and failure,
synthetic oils significantly reduce these two detrimental effects.
Since each molecule in a synthetic oil is of uniform size, each is equally likely to touch a component
surface at any given time, thus moving a certain amount of heat into the oil stream and away from the
component. This makes synthetic oils far superior heat transfer agents than conventional petroleum
oils.

Greater Film Strength
Petroleum motor oils have very low film strength in comparison to synthetics. The film strength of a
lubricant refers to it's ability to maintain a film of lubricant between two objects when extreme pressure
and heat are applied.
Synthetic oils will typically have a film strength of 5 to 10 times higher than petroleum oils of
comparable viscosity.
Even though heavier weight oils typically have higher film strength than lighter weight oils, an sae 30
or 40 synthetic will typically have a higher film strength than an sae 50 or sae 60 petroleum oil.
A lighter grade synthetic can still maintain proper lubricity and reduce the chance of metal to metal
contact. This means that you can use oils that provide far better fuel efficiency and cold weather
protection without sacrificing engine protection under high temperature, high load conditions.
Obviously, this is a big plus, because you can greatly reduce both cold temperature start-up wear and
high temperature/high load engine wear using a low viscosity oil.

Engine Deposit Reduction
Petroleum oils tend to leave sludge, varnish and deposits behind after thermal and oxidative break
down. They're better than they used to be, but it still occurs.
Deposit build-up leads to a significant reduction in engine performance and engine life as well as
increasing the chance of costly repairs.
Synthetic oils have far superior thermal and oxidative stability and they leave engines virtually varnish,
deposit and sludge-free.

Better Cold Temperature Fluidity
Synthetic oils do not contain the paraffins or other waxes which dramatically thicken petroleum oils
during cold weather. As a result, they tend to flow much better during cold temperature starts and
begin lubricating an engine almost immediately. This leads to significant engine wear reduction, and,
therefore, longer engine life.

Improved Fuel Economy
Because of their uniform molecular structure, synthetic oils are tremendous friction reducers. Less
friction leads to increased fuel economy and improved engine performance.
This means that more energy released from the combustion process can be transferred directly to the
wheels due to the lower friction. Acceleration is more responsive and more powerful, using less fuel in
the process.
In a petroleum oil, lighter molecules tend to boil off easily, leaving behind much heavier molecules
which are difficult to pump. The engine loses more energy pumping these heavy molecules than if it
were pumping lighter ones.
Since synthetic oils have more uniform molecules, fewer of these molecules tend to boil off and when
they do, the molecules which are left are of the same size and pumpability is not affected.

Synthetics are better and in many ways, they are basically better by design as they are created by
chemists in laboratories for a specific purpose, rather than being modified from something that came
out of the ground to be as good as they can for a purpose.

Cheers

Tim Use the code FULLCHAT and get 10% Club Discount
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email: sales@opieoils.co.uk
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If mineral oil is derived from crude oil, where does synthetic come from. letters not necessarily in the right order

Dixy wrote:

If mineral oil is derived from crude oil, where does synthetic come from.

All oils are comprised of basestocks and additives. Basestocks make up the majority of the finished product and represent between 75-95%.

Not all basestocks are derived from petroleum, in fact the better quality ones are synthetics made in laboratories by chemists specifically designed for the application for which they are intended.

Basestocks are classified in 5 Groups as follows:

Group I

These are derived from petroleum and are the least refined. These are used in a small amount of automotive oils where the applications are not demanding.

Group II

These are derived from petroleum and are mainly used in mineral automotive oils. Their performance is acceptable with regards to wear, thermal stability and oxidation stability but not so good at lower temperatures.

Group III

These are derived from petroleum but are the most refined of the mineral oil basestocks. They are not chemically engineered like synthetics but offer the highest level of performance of all the petroleum basestocks. They are also known as “hydrocracked” or “molecularly modified” basestocks.
They are usually labelled/marketed as synthetic or semi-synthetic oils and make up a very high percentage of the oils retailed today.

Group IV

These are polyalphaolefins known as PAO and are chemically manufactured rather than being dug out of the ground. These basestocks have excellent stability in both hot and cold temperatures and give superior protection due to their uniform molecules.

Group V

These special basestocks are also chemically engineered but are not PAO.
The main types used in automotive oils are diesters and polyolesters. Like the group IV basestocks they have uniform molecules and give superior performance and protection over petroleum basestocks. These special stocks are used in all aviation engines due to their stability and durability. Esters are also polar (electro statically attracted to metal surfaces) which has great benefits. They are usually blended with Group IV stocks rather than being used exclusively.

It is common practice for oil companies to blend different basestocks to achieve a certain specification, performance or cost. The blending of group IV and V produces lubricants with the best overall performance which cannot be matched by any of the petroleum basestock groups.

Cheers
Guy Use the code FULLCHAT and get 10% Club Discount
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Thanks for the informative posts, much appreciated.

Cool info, thanks. One thing to add: Although it's not relevant to FFRRs, don't use synthetic oils with LEADED fuels unless the oil specifically says it can be used. Some of the detergents and additives in the synthetics do NOT like leaded fuels.

I really don't think leaded fuel is still available here and the lead replacement additives that we have are made by the oil companies that we deal with, so there would be no issues there. There is also the grey area of the word synthetic (as in the group 3 oils mentioned above) where a mineral derived oil can be a 'synthetic'. As they are often used for the same applications as genuine PAO oils, it's likely that they contain the same additives. I think there may have been some issues with the earliest ester oils and lead, but that was a long time ago and nothing to worry about now.

Cheers

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Tim,

What are the base materials from which Group IV and V are made ?? What sort of processes are involved and how "environmentally friendly" are the "real" synthetics compared to Group I to III.

Cheers,

Eugene MY 2010 5.0 SC Galway green and sand interior!!
Have the Faultmate MSV2 Extreme to be tinkering with the settings etc. !!

Absolutely right, Oilman. I only heard of problems with some synthetics being used in piston airplanes running on 100LL (100 octane "low lead" aviation gasoline). It shouldn't be a problem for those of us who stay on the ground.

ebajema wrote:

Tim,

What are the base materials from which Group IV and V are made ?? What sort of processes are involved and how "environmentally friendly" are the "real" synthetics compared to Group I to III.

Cheers,

Eugene

Hi Eugene

This explains a bit about how you get to a PAO oil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyolefin

And this is a good explanation of how to produce esters

http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/esters-in-synthetic-lubricants/

I'll be honest, I have no idea of how environmentally sound the process for producing PAOs and esters are, but as they are chemical industrial processes, I doubt they are the cleanest things in the world. I assume there would be byproducts during production that may or may not be useful in another application.

Cheers

Tim Use the code FULLCHAT and get 10% Club Discount
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Hi Tim,

Considering I have been working in O&G for some 25 years, I know what goes on in that industry and how environmentally friendly it is . The question for came from, is creating the synthetic varieties an alternative from an environmental point of view

Thanks for the links !!

Eugene MY 2010 5.0 SC Galway green and sand interior!!
Have the Faultmate MSV2 Extreme to be tinkering with the settings etc. !!